Indah Nurhayati, Evi Afifah, Muhammad Al Kholif
This study evaluates the synergistic integration of phytoremediation using Pistia stratiotes (Kayu Apu) and microbial bioaugmentation with Effective Microorganisms 4 (EM4) for treating landfill leachate. A batch system was employed with EM4 concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% and residence times of 3, 6, and 9 days. The results indicate that the highest pollutant removal efficiency was achieved with 30% EM4 and a 9-day residence time, resulting in 41.5% BOD reduction, 37.3% COD reduction, and 38% TSS reduction. Additionally, DO levels increased significantly by 488.24%, indicating improved aerobic conditions, which are essential for microbial activity. These findings demonstrate the potential of integrating Pistia stratiotes and EM4 as a sustainable, eco-friendly approach to treating landfill leachate. Further research is recommended to optimize operational parameters, scale up the system, and ensure compliance with regulatory discharge standards. ©️ 2026 Advances in Environmental Technology (AET). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Jawa Timur, 60234, Indonesia
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