Seong Yeop Han, Bimo Tri Goutomo, Dian Majid, Il-Kyu Kim
Acid Black 1 (AB1), a recalcitrant disazo dye from the textile industry, poses a severe threat to aquatic ecosystems owing to its resistance to biological treatment. Although ferrate(VI) ((Formula presented.) and plasma-based advanced oxidation processes have shown promise for dye remediation, the effect of treatment sequence on synergistic mineralization remains largely unaddressed. Nano-ferrate(VI) (nano-Fe(VI), (Formula presented.)) synthesized via the Solution Plasma Process (SPP) was integrated with Gliding Arc Plasma (GAP) in a sequential hybrid system, with nanoscale morphology and (Formula presented.) composition confirmed by FE-SEM and EDS. pH, molar ratio, and temperature were systematically optimized for the standalone nano-Fe(VI) process, and synergistic performance was evaluated via Synergy Effect Factor (SEF) analysis. Optimization identified pH 7.0, [AB1]:[Fe(VI)] = 1:0.9, and 45 °C as optimal, achieving 90.24% decolorization within 12 min. The sequential nano-Fe(VI)–GAP configuration achieved the highest mineralization efficiency of 58.7%, outperforming standalone nano-Fe(VI) (36.0%), standalone GAP (16.0%), and simultaneous application (37.8%), with SEF values of 1.3 and 1.2 for mineralization and decolorization. This is the first study to quantify treatment sequence effects in a nano-Fe(VI)–GAP system via SEF analysis. The proposed system eliminates intermediate pH adjustment while achieving superior mineralization, offering a practical AOP framework for refractory textile wastewater treatment. © 2026 by the authors.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya University, Surabaya, 60234, Indonesia
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