Hoang Dang Khoa Ta, Wei-Jan Wang, Nam Nhut Phan, Nu Thuy An Ton, Gangga Anuraga, Su-Chi Ku, Yung-Fu Wu, Chih-Yang Wang, Kuen-Haur Lee
In recent decades, breast cancer (BRCA) has become one of the most common diseases worldwide. Understanding crucial genes and their signaling pathways remain an enormous challenge in evaluating the prognosis and possible therapeutics. The “Like-Smith” (LSM) family is known as protein-coding genes, and its member play pivotal roles in the progression of several malignancies, although their roles in BRCA are less clear. To discover biological processes associated with LSM family genes in BRCA development, high-throughput techniques were applied to clarify expression levels of LSMs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-BRCA dataset, which was integrated with the cBioPortal database. Furthermore, we investigated prognostic values of LSM family genes in BCRA patients using the Kaplan–Meier database. Among genes of this family, LSM4 expression levels were highly associated with poor prognostic outcomes with a hazard ratio of 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.21–1.51, p for trend = 3.4 × 10− 7). MetaCore and GlueGo analyses were also conducted to examine transcript expression signatures of LSM family members and their coex-pressed genes, together with their associated signaling pathways, such as “Cell cycle role of APC in cell cycle regulation” and “Immune response IL-15 signaling via MAPK and PI3K cascade” in BRCA. Results showed that LSM family members, specifically LSM4, were significantly correlated with oncogenesis in BRCA patients. In summary, our results suggested that LSM4 could be a prospective prognosticator of BRCA. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Institute for Environmental Science, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya, 60234, Indonesia; National Defense Medical Center, Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
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